Design and function of centrifugal fans

Two types of axial fans that are more common in the industry are ducted axial fans (or ducted fans) and panel fans or wall fans. A duct axial fan uses a propeller that rotates in a circular cross-section of a duct mounted in a duct of the same diameter to expel hot and/or contaminated air from a process or system.

Panel fans or wall fans use a propeller that rotates in a flat plate that is mounted on the wall to expel air from or draw air into a room. Other axial fans with ducted axial fan designs are personnel coolers and air handlers.

Tubular axial fans can be directly driven with the propeller mounted directly on the motor shaft, or the belt can be directly driven with the propeller mounted on a separate fan shaft and driven by the motor through the belt and pulley. Axial fans are ideal for moving large volumes of air at low pressures, rated static pressure (SP), and rated at cubic feet of air per minute (CFM). The design and function of centrifugal fans are very different from those of axial fans. Their differences make them suitable for different applications, and customers sometimes don't know which fan type is right for their needs.

What does a typical fan pass through? Converts the rotational motion provided by an electric motor or engine into thrust, transferring power from the rotor to the fluid. A pressure differential is created between the front and rear surfaces of the airfoil blade, and fluid, such as air or water, is accelerated behind the blade.

The main engineering goal behind the fan design is to create a pressure differential (pressure rise) and induce the desired flow through the fan. The physics behind this process is not trivial, and its simulations can be complex. In this example, you will explore how to simulate and analyze axial fan flow.

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